How2 Launch Firefox (Safe Mode) via Ubuntu’s CLI
Posted On August 10, 2010 at 12:54 in How2, Tweaks, Ubuntu
firefox -safe-mode
Posts Tagged ‘command-line’
Upgrading to WordPress v3.0.X via Command-Line
Posted On August 3, 2010 at 10:51 in How2, WordPress
Preparing your WordPress Upgrade
From time to time you may want to update your WordPress installation to the latest version. You might want to do this because you’ve seen a message at the top of your Dashboard telling you that a new release is available, because you’ve been made aware of some useful new functionality, or because a security fix has been released.
Check Requirements
Whatever the reason for updating, before getting started it is best to check the current minimum requirements page first to make sure that your web host has the required versions of PHP and MySQL. (If you are not sure, then your hosting provider should be able to tell you.)
Take a Backup
The next thing to do is to take a backup of your database. All your posts and Pages are held in the database, so you will need to have a copy of it in case, for whatever reason, you change your mind after upgrading and need to go back. If you are not sure how to backup your database, then complete instructions can be found in the WordPress Backups section of the Codex.
Disable Plugins
The final preperation step is to disable plugins. Now, you don’t have to do this, but every now and again a plugin hasn’t been updated to work with the latest version of WordPress, and causes a problem after the upgrade. So, it’s best to try and avoid that, yes? You can easily disable your plugins by heading to the Manage Plugins page in the Dashboard, changing the “Bulk Actions” pull down menu to “Deactivate” and clicking “Apply”.
Ready to Update
Now that you’ve checked that you’re ready to update, you’ve turned off your plugins and you’ve got your backup, it’s time to get started.
Step 1: Download & unzip the WordPress package from:
http://wordpress.org/download/
- If you will be uploading WordPress to a remote web server, download the WordPress package to your computer with a web browser and unzip the package.
- If you will be using FTP, skip to the next step – uploading files is covered later.
- If you have shell access to your web server, and are comfortable using console-based tools, you may wish to download WordPress directly to your web server using wget (or lynx or another console-based web browser) if you want to avoid FTPing:
- wget http://wordpress.org/latest.tar.gz
- Then unzip the package using:
- tar -xzvf latest.tar.gzThe WordPress package will extract into a folder called wordpress in the same directory that you downloaded latest.tar.gz.
- Delete the old
wp-includesandwp-admindirectories on your web host (through your FTP or shell access).
Then, run the following commands to unpack and copy the contents into your web directory.
tar -xzvf latest.tar.gz
sudo cp -R wordpress/* /var/www/
- If you do not have shell access to your web server, or you are not comfortable using console-based tools, you may wish to deploy WordPress directly to your web server using ZipDeploy.
Step 2: Update your installation files
This will update your database to be compatible with the latest code
Visit your main WordPress admin page at /wp-admin. You may be asked to login again. If a database upgrade is necessary at this point, WordPress will detect it and give you a link to a URL like http://example.com/wordpress/wp-admin/upgrade.php. Follow that link and follow the instructions. You should do this as soon as possible after step 1.
That’s it, you’re complete!
Ubuntu 10.04 LTS “Command Line Install”
Posted On July 20, 2010 at 08:52 in How2, Ubuntu
Intro
To install Ubuntu, at least 384 Megabytes of memory are required. However, it is possible to install Ubuntu on a PC with only 128 MB of RAM, with a full Gnome desktop.
Here’s how…
Prerequisites
* A PC with 128 MB of memory or more.
* A CD-Rom drive
* 3 Gb of free space on hard drive.
* An Ethernet card recognized by Ubuntu
* Internet connection (preferably Ethernet).
The Internet connection is necessary because the installation is done via the network. Download and burn the installation CD of Ubuntu (MinimalCD): here.
This ISO image (13 MB) allows installation of Ubuntu directly via the internet.
Installation
* Boot from the minimal CD and choose “Command-line install”.
* Proceed with the installation of the system. At the end of the installation, after rebooting, you get a text mode.
* Login with the username and password you chose during installation.
(Plymouth errors can be ignored.)
Installing core packages
Then, install the base packages below to get a graphical desktop (Gnome).
sudo apt-get install gnome-core gdm gnome-system-tools network-manager-gnome human-theme x11-xserver-utils tangerine-icon-theme gnome-themes-ubuntu gnome-themes-selected ubuntu-artwork jockey-gtk gnome-screensaver xcursor-themes gnome-utils file-roller
(Note: It is possible to have an lighter GUI with JWM or IceWM , but you lose the benefits of the Gnome/Ubuntu integration.)
Reboot: (sudo reboot): You can now login to your GUI.
You may get a popup error about “FastUserSwitchApplet”: Just click the “Remove” button.
Installing additional software
When choosing software, it is recommended to avoid heavy ones such as OpenOffice.org.
Here are some recommended packages for a basic system:
sudo apt-get install gcalctool brasero chromium-browser abiword gnumeric vlc p7zip-full ubuntu-restricted-extras
Details:
* Chromium : Chromium is lighter than the Firefox browser and based on Webkit (like Chrome or Safari).
* gcalctool, a calculator.
* brasero : CD/DVD burning application.
* abiword is a word processor lighter OpenOffice.org Writer.
* gnumeric spreadsheet is a good alternative to OpenOffice.org Calc.
* VLC is a media player (audio/video) that can play almost any format.
* p7zip-full can read many different archive formats (cab, rar …)
* ubuntu-restricted-extras: Flash plugin, Java, codecs, Microsoft TrueType fonts, etc..
* The system is already provided with Evince, a PDF reader.
You are with a basic system for surfing the internet and perform office duties.
Thanks to Seb-Sauvage for this tip.
MACchanger | Utility For Manipulating The MAC Address Of Network Interfaces, Included GUI Utility
Posted On July 1, 2010 at 14:13 in How2, Ubuntu, Ubuntu Srvr
A GNU/Linux utility for viewing/manipulating the MAC address of network interfaces
Features
* Set specific MAC address of a network interface
* Set the MAC randomly
* Set a MAC of another vendor
* Set another MAC of the same vendor
* Set a MAC of the same kind (eg: wireless card)
* Display a vendor MAC list (today, 6800 items) to choose from
Possible usages
These are some examples:
* You’re in a DHCP network with some kind of IP-based restriction
* You’ve a cluster that boot with BOOTP and you want to have a clean set of MACs
* Debug MAC based routes
Install macchanger in Ubuntu
sudo apt-get install macchanger macchanger-gtk
Command line Examples
# macchanger eth1
Current MAC: 00:40:96:43:ef:9c [wireless] (Cisco/Aironet 4800/340)
Faked MAC: 00:40:96:43:ef:9d [wireless] (Cisco/Aironet 4800/340)
# macchanger –endding eth1
Current MAC: 00:40:96:43:e8:ec [wireless] (Cisco/Aironet 4800/340)
Faked MAC: 00:40:96:6f:0f:f2 [wireless] (Cisco/Aironet 4800/340)
# macchanger –another eth1
Current MAC: 00:40:96:43:87:1f [wireless] (Cisco/Aironet 4800/340)
Faked MAC: 00:02:2d:ec:00:6f [wireless] (Lucent Wavelan IEEE)
# macchanger -A eth1
Current MAC: 00:40:96:43:39:a6 [wireless] (Cisco/Aironet 4800/340)
Faked MAC: 00:10:5a:1e:06:93 (3Com, Fast Etherlink XL in a Gateway)
# macchanger -r eth1
Current MAC: 00:40:96:43:f1:fc [wireless] (Cisco/Aironet 4800/340)
Faked MAC: 6b:fd:10:37:d2:34 (unknown)
# macchanger –mac=01:23:45:67:89:AB eth1
Current MAC: 00:40:96:43:87:65 [wireless] (Cisco/Aironet 4800/340)
Faked MAC: 01:23:45:67:89:ab (unknown)
# ./macchanger –list=Cray
Misc MACs:
Num MAC Vendor
— — ——
065 – 00:00:7d – Cray Research Superservers,Inc
068 – 00:00:80 – Cray Communications (formerly Dowty Network Services)
317 – 00:40:a6 – Cray Research Inc.
Macchanger GUI
You can open the gui by running the following command from your terminal
$ macchanger-gtk
Screenshot
View Log Files In Ubuntu & Ubuntu Server Via The CLI
Posted On June 15, 2010 at 08:46 in How2, Ubuntu, Ubuntu Srvr
View log files in Ubuntu via the Command-Line Interface.
Q. Could you please explain to me log files in Ubuntu Linux and how do I view logs?
A. All logs are stored in /var/log directory under Ubuntu (and other Linux distro).
To view log files at shell prompt
Use tail, more, less and grep command.
tail -f /var/log/apport.log
more /var/log/xorg.0.log
cat /var/log/mysql.err
less /var/log/messages
grep -i fail /var/log/boot
Linux Log files and usage
=> /var/log/messages : General log messages
=> /var/log/boot : System boot log
=> /var/log/debug : Debugging log messages
=> /var/log/auth.log : User login and authentication logs
=> /var/log/daemon.log : Running services such as squid, ntpd and others log message to this file
=> /var/log/dmesg : Linux kernel ring buffer log
=> /var/log/dpkg.log : All binary package log includes package installation and other information
=> /var/log/faillog : User failed login log file
=> /var/log/kern.log : Kernel log file
=> /var/log/lpr.log : Printer log file
=> /var/log/mail.* : All mail server message log files
=> /var/log/mysql.* : MySQL server log file
=> /var/log/user.log : All userlevel logs
=> /var/log/xorg.0.log : X.org log file
=> /var/log/apache2/* : Apache web server log files directory
=> /var/log/lighttpd/* : Lighttpd web server log files directory
=> /var/log/fsck/* : fsck command log
=> /var/log/apport.log : Application crash report / log file
Pine: “Alternate Speller Terminated Abnormally (-1)”
Posted On May 21, 2010 at 07:24 in How2, Ubuntu, Ubuntu Srvr
To all,
Problem: While trying to perform a spell check in Alpine. I get a(n) “alternate speller terminated abnormally (-1)” message?
Solution: Make sure there is at least one aspell dictionary loaded/installed. Look to see if you have the aspell-en (apt-get install aspell-en) package installed; my bets are that you don’t.
Install Monitorix In Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic) Server
Posted On April 7, 2010 at 10:10 in Apps, How2, Ubuntu Srvr
Install Monitorix in Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic) Server
Preparing your system
Install the following packages
sudo apt-get install rrdtool librrds-perl libwww-perl
Now you need to download Monitorix source package from here or use the following command
$ wget http://www.monitorix.org/monitorix-1.5.0.tar.gz
$ tar -zxvf monitorix-1.5.0.tar.gz
Go to the Monitorix directory and execute the install script.
$ cd monitorix-1.5.0
$ sudo ./install.sh
Welcome to Monitorix v1.5.0 installation process.
The install script has detected that this is a Linux operating system.
Currently Monitorix supports only the following Linux distributions:
1 – RedHat/Fedora/CentOS
2 – Generic
3 – Debian (Ubuntu)
4 – Gentoo
5 – Slackware
Please select your option:
Choose the option number 3 (Debian).
The following is a list of the default paths where the Monitorix components will be installed:
1 – /usr/bin
2 – /etc
3 – /etc/init.d
4 – /var/lib
5 – /usr/share/doc
6 – /var/www
7 – /usr/lib/cgi-bin
8 – /usr/share/man/man5
Last chance to stop the installation.
Are you sure to install Monitorix on the paths shown? [y/n]:
The list of paths should be correct. Press y.
Finally start Monitorix.
sudo service monitorix start
Now wait for a while and then go to http://localhost/monitorix/
Change Ethernet Network Card Speed
Posted On March 30, 2010 at 08:05 in How2, Ubuntu, Ubuntu Srvr
Using ethtool
ethtool can be used to query and change settings such as speed, auto- negotiation and checksum offload on many network devices, especially Ethernet devices.
Install ethtool in ubuntu
sudo apt-get install ethtool
You can check the current Ethernet network card speed and duplex settings using the following command
sudo ethtool eth0
Where eth0 is the Ethernet network card interface
Turn off Auto-Negotiate feature using the following command
sudo ethtool -s eth0 autoneg off
ethtool Syntax
sudo ethtool -s eth0 speed [SPEED] duplex [DUPLEX]
Example 1
This example will show you how to setup your ethernet network card speed 100 and full duplex
sudo ethtool -s eth0 speed 100 duplex full
Example 2
This example will show you how to setup your ethernet network card speed 10 and half duplex
sudo ethtool -s eth0 speed 10 duplex half
Source: ubuntugeek (.com)
Removing the Guest Session
Posted On March 29, 2010 at 09:16 in How2, Ubuntu
sudo apt-get remove gdm-guest-session
Postfix Configuration
Posted On March 22, 2010 at 12:12 in How2, Support, Ubuntu Srvr
From a terminal prompt:
sudo dpkg-reconfigure postfix
• General type of mail configuration: Internet Site
• NONE doesn’t appear to be requested in current config
• System mail name: server1.example.com
• Root and postmaster mail recipient: <admin_user_name>
• Other destinations for mail: server1.example.com, example.com, localhost.example.com, localhost
• Force synchronous updates on mail queue?: No
• Local networks: 127.0.0.0/8
• Yes doesn’t appear to be requested in current config
• Mialbox size limit (bytes): 0
• Local address extension character: +
• Internet protocols to use: all